HPV- Human Papilloma virus

How is HPV Detected?

HPV and early cervical changes are detected with a screening Pap smear, a simple, usually painless test done during a gynecologic exam. A small sample from the cervix is collected to check for high-risk HPV and precancerous cells. Some clinics also offer self-HPV tests, you can ask your doctor. Screening is recommended for all women from the start of intimate life, usually every 3–5 years, depending on risk. Repeated normal tests provide strong reassurance.

What Happens if the Pap Test is Abnormal?

An abnormal Pap usually means a high-risk HPV infection or early cervical changes. If needed, the doctor may perform a colposcopy, a close, painless examination of the cervix, using a specialized magnifying device after applying solutions that highlight abnormal areas. If a suspicious area is identified, a biopsy may be taken during the examination. This may cause brief discomfort and mild bleeding, which is usually minimal and self-limited.

Why is a Biopsy Important?

HPV-related changes are graded by severity:

• CIN1 (mild): usually goes away on its own and is monitored with repeat Pap tests and colposcopy.
• CIN2–3 (moderate to severe): usually require treatment to remove abnormal tissue.

Treatment of High-Grade Cervical Changes: Conization

High-grade precancerous lesions (CIN2–3) are usually treated with conization, where a cone-shaped portion of the cervix containing abnormal cells is removed. The tissue is sent for examination. The procedure is quick, done under local or general anesthesia, and mild bleeding afterward is normal. Recovery is usually fast: normal activity can resume soon, and intimate activity after about a month with medical approval. Follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence and reduce the risk of cancer progression.

Future Fertility

Conization usually does not affect fertility, but it’s recommended to wait about 6 months before trying to conceive. In rare cases, the procedure may slightly shorten the cervix, so cervical length is monitored during future pregnancies. If needed, a cervical stitch (cerclage) can be placed, though this complication is uncommon.

Regular screening saves lives.

If your Pap test is abnormal, if you have tested positive for HPV, or if you have symptoms such as bleeding after intercourse, we encourage you to schedule an appointment with our clinic promptly.

We are here to guide and support you throughout diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. Please make an appointment via email at: [email protected]

HPV Vaccination – Gardasil 9

Gardasil 9 protects against nine HPV types responsible for most cervical cancers, other HPV-related cancers, and genital warts. It is safe, effective, and recommended for females and males aged 9–45.

• Protection: Includes the main cancer-causing types (16, 18) and additional high- and low-risk types
• Best timing: Most effective when given before the onset of intimate life
• Dosing:
• Ages 9–14: 2 doses
• Ages 15–45: 3 doses
• Safety: Well tolerated; mild local reactions are most common
• Note: Vaccination does not replace routine screening (Pap tests)

Frequently Asked Questions

Is vaccination helpful after HPV exposure?

Yes. It can still protect against HPV types not yet acquired.

Should a partner be vaccinated?

Yes. This helps reduce transmission and provides individual protection.

Is there benefit after age 26?

Yes. Vaccination remains beneficial up to age 45, based on individual risk.

After age 45?

Not routinely recommended, but may be considered in selected cases, not covered. Payment required by the patient.

Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.