Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer develops in the lower part of the uterus and is usually caused by persistent HPV infection. It can often be prevented and detected early with regular screening and HPV vaccination. Modern treatments are effective and tailored to each patient

Who is at risk? Cervical cancer develops in women infected with high-risk HPV types. Risk may be higher in smokers, people with weakened immunity, or those who do not have regular screening. It usually occurs between ages 30–50, but can happen at any age

Detection and Diagnosis: Early cases are often found through routine Pap and HPV tests before symptoms appear. Later symptoms may include abnormal bleeding, unusual discharge, or pelvic pain Diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy, and imaging such as MRI or PET-CT may be used to determine the cancer stage

Treatment is stage-and patient-dependent:

Early stage: When the cancer is limited to the cervix

• Conization for very small tumors *
• Hysterectomy (simple or radical, sometimes open surgery) *
• Lymph node evaluation (usually by sentinel node technique) *

Locally advanced: spread to nearby tissues

• Combined chemoradiation (radiation with chemotherapy) *
• immunotherapy may be added *

Advanced / Stage IV: spread to distant organs

• Chemotherapy (commonly paclitaxel + carboplatin) *
• With targeted therapy, e.g., bevacizumab (Avastin) *
• With Immunotherapy depending on tumor profile *

Treatment is given in personalized protocols based on stage and patient factors

Prognosis

Cervical cancer outcomes depend on stage at diagnosis. Early, localized cancer has very high cure rates. Locally advanced disease is treated with chemoradiation, with good outcomes, while advanced metastatic disease is usually not curable, but modern therapies can control the disease and improve quality of life, with access to clinical trials

Fertility Preservation

Selected women with early-stage disease may preserve fertility. Options include conization for very small tumors or radical trachelectomy, which removes the cervix but keeps the uterus. Careful selection is required based on tumor size and spread, and lymph node evaluation is needed. Pregnancy is possible afterward but considered higher risk, requiring close monitoring.

We are here to guide and support you throughout diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. Please make an appointment via email at: [email protected]